Basal ganglia: select, suppress, and pause

Teaching rate model; activity values are illustrative (normalised units, 0–1).

Teaching rate model; activity values are illustrative.

Preset

Paused

Moving dots show

Step duration

Scenario

What changed

What to watch

Inspector

Click any nucleus or connection

Select a box or an arrow in the circuit (click, tap, or Tab then Enter) to see what it is, what enters and leaves it, and what it is doing now.

Traces

Model options and assumptions

Expanded circuit: add STN → GPe (excitatory) and GPe → GPi/SNr (inhibitory). These are modelled, not decorative; tonic biases are re-centred so the resting state is unchanged.

Activity is in normalised units (0–1), not Hz. All parameters are teaching choices, not fits to data.
Rates shown for D1/D2, GPe, STN, GPi, SNr and thalamus are the putamen-centred motor loop. Caudate is anatomical context only.
Channels A and B are populations within one loop. Their separate wiring and the 40% spread of STN influence to the other channel are model assumptions.
Dopamine changes SPN responsiveness to cortical input (D1 up, D2 down). The Huntington's factor scales the iSPN population output to GPe; it is separate from dopamine.
Guided steps hold downstream populations fixed while one link acts, so the order of steps is explanatory, not exact biological timing. Continuous view runs everything together.
The action-expression readout is a smoothed ramp of motor-cortex activity: 0 below 0.68, 1 above 0.95 (40 ms smoothing). Latency is reported when it crosses 0.2.